This part of the gallery shows evidence of Viking and Roman
invasion, and explains how early peoples asserted their
authority.
Bloodshed, weapons and heroes
Powerful images of warriors on three sculpted stones introduce
Bloodshed, weapons and heroes, the first part of Them and Us. A
5500-year-old arrowhead lodged in a human vertebra is the oldest
evidence we have of possible hostilities in Scotland, followed by
weapons and accessories of war relating to several thousand years
of conflict.
However, at this time warfare was on a small scale, concerned
with raiding rather than territorial conquest.
Viking warriors and settlers
Courage and success on the battlefield brought rewards and
impressive weapons signalled a warrior's status. This is vividly
demonstrated by the Vikings. At first a feared enemy, they took
over territory in order to settle, and became a permanent part of
life and culture, particularly in Shetland, Orkney and the
Hebrides.
What did the Romans do for us?
The Roman army came north into Scotland in AD 80. No one in
Scotland had encountered organisation and technology like it. The
Roman army's highly disciplined and well-equipped legions and
auxiliaries were supported by an elaborate supply system and an
impressive medical service. Among the most striking Roman objects
displayed are the parade helmets worn by cavalrymen during
tournaments, and a horse's parade harness.
Roman invaders
The Roman invaders display shows relations between the Romans
and the native population. An array of Roman coins illustrates
Roman campaigns, but the native way of life was not much affected
by the Roman presence. Most people had little contact with the
invaders.
Material displayed illustrates the Roman strategy of keeping the
peace through diplomatic contacts with important native chiefs, to
whom they gave gifts. The natives valued Roman objects, but often
for reasons which had little to do with their original purpose.
Things to see
The treasure from Traprain Law in East Lothian is spectacular
evidence of Roman influence even after they had left Scotland. It
was probably given to a native chief to secure his loyalty at a
time when Roman Britain was collapsing and the legions were
preparing to abandon the province. It is the biggest and best known
hoard of late Roman hacksilver, and was discovered during
excavations in 1919.
Another highlight is the extraordinary carnyx, or war trumpet,
used ceremonially as well as to inspire warriors and terrify the
enemy.
The Hunterston brooch is another renowned treasure. Made about
AD700 it is a highly accomplished casting of silver, richly mounted
with gold, silver and amber decoration. The brooch is one of our
collection highlights.