The samurai were an elite military class of soldiers and
officials. They were retained by feudal lords called daimyo from
whose ranks rose many of the leaders, known as Shoguns, who
effectively ruled Japan between 1192 and 1868. Samurai means ‘one
who serves’, and members of the samurai caste followed a strict
code of conduct known as bushido, or ‘the way of the warrior’.
Wearing the correct armour and carrying the right weapons were
vital aspects of being a samurai. This splendid suit of armour
dates from the early 19th century - you can click on the image
above to see it in more detail. By this time, Japan was a
relatively peaceful country and armour was worn more for show than
for practical reasons.
Made from black-lacquered iron plates tied together, the armour
was flexible, allowing its wearer to move freely. The armoured
skirt, called a kusazuri, shields the thighs, while the arm
coverings combine protective chain mail with fine blue silk. The
helmet, or kabuto, with its bristling moustache, was designed to
strike fear into the enemy.
The samurai warrior typically carried two swords. Different
styles were popular at different times, but during the Edo period
(1600-1868) the long katana sword and shorter companion sword known
as a wakizashi were most commonly worn. For formal ceremonial
occasions, these were replaced with a slung sword or tachi and a
dagger.
When the Emperor regained power in the Meiji Restoration of
1868, he began to issue laws to reduce the power and status of the
samurai class. Samurai were no longer permitted to carry swords in
public and a national army was established which conscripted men
from across society.