Our Prehistoric and Roman Archaeology collections include archaeological collections from the first human settlement of Europe during the Palaeolithic up to the end of the Roman period.

Over this vast time-frame and sizeable collection, our focus is on Scotland set within a European context. Highlights include the finds from the famous Neolithic village of Skara Brae on Orkney, a wealth of Bronze Age gold jewellery, the fabulous pony cap from Torrs decorated with Celtic art, and rich remains of the Roman occupation of Scotland such as magnificent helmets with face masks. Our wide-ranging research includes the material culture of prehistory, the puzzling habit of hoarding valued items, the effect of culture contacts such as the Roman invasion, and the history of archaeology.

The section also houses the museum’s commercial post-excavation service, providing specialist analysis and reporting of artefacts found on excavations across Scotland and beyond.

Meet the team

Prehistoric and Roman Archaeology stories

  1. A group of Bronze Age objects including a ring of a large cauldron and fragments of spearheads, swords and dagger blades against a black background.

    Sacrifice or scrap? The Bronze Age weapons from Duddingston Loch

    Archaeology

    Written by Dr Matthew Knight
    Why was a 3000-year-old hoard of objects deliberately destroyed and sunk into a loch in Edinburgh?
  2. Twelve bronze objects, including some rounded fittings with concentric circle designs and a rattle pendant. They are all silvery, with some green corrosion on the surface.

    What is the Peebles Hoard?

    Archaeology, Scotland

    The Peebles Hoard is a spectacular collection of bronze, leather and wooden material. Dating to the Late Bronze Age (c.1000-800 BCE), it contains several hundred elements from a complex set of objects. A complete sword in a wooden scabbard…
  3. Rusted bronze coin depicting a man in profile with a thin chin-strap beard and curly hair.

    The Romans in Scotland

    Archaeology, History and cultures, Scotland

    Many people think that Hadrian’s Wall marks the limit of the Roman Empire, but the Roman world stretched much further north than that. For almost 400 years, much of what is now Scotland was either inside the empire or an uncomfortably…